rban Sprawl :: essays research papers

URBAN SPRAWL The definition of urban sprawl according to WORDSMYTH 1.spreading of the urban structure into adjoining suburbs and rural areas. The definition of urban sprawl according to Merriam-Websters on line dictionary :the spreading of urban developments(as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city. The definition of urban sprawl according to Dictionary.com The unplanned, uncontrolled spreading of urban development into areas adjoining the edge of a city . My opinion of urban sprawl.The city,containing large tracts of business,commerece,industries,living space,and farming communities.Using more then it needs,replicating new structures and leaving shells.Rehabbing mass living spaces,for the placment of person or persons.Funneling dollars into work projects for the sake of spending.For example I 675 near Dayton, the rehabbing of the Arcade center, and the Salem Mall area. . â€Å"Sprawl is a four letter word† â€Å"I like living next to the city. I can get off my tractor, walk across the street and get a cup of coffee at the UDF in the morning, go next door for lunch at the fast food place, and fill up the John Deere at the Speedway on the way home from plowing the back 40.† Sprawl is a worldwide growth pattern. It is evident in every small to major city, and depending on socioeconomic and cultural patterns can manifest it at different rates. Lets take a look at some examples. Moscow shows a grossly mixed area of farmland, light to heavy industry, and a mixed commerce living space with large groups of apartment buildings. Approximately 30% of the city proper is vacant wasted areas, and there is no effort to reclaim any of this land. This is most likely due to heavy pollution, crime, and the generally poor economical situation. In Mexico City, there is a vast area of poor living conditions within poorer living conditions. Population increase has played a major role in the living conditions along with little employment, poor education, almost no industry, (with the exception of General Motors relocating there) makes Mexico City a vast sprawl of humanity. My focus now moves to the local venue, namely Dayton. I found some interesting information. Between 1970 and 1990 Dayton’s urban area lost 11% of its population while gaining 22% more land. Dayton and adjoining suburbs consumed 118% more land while adding only 22% more people. While there was no significant population increase, drivers in Dayton covered 19% more miles in 1995 then in 1991. There are many reams of facts and figures to support the obvious, sprawl is real.

Spice Chart

Mature common Woman: Firm of heart strong beautiful brave like a man Bad woman: Thin tottering weak unfriendly The Weaver: Concern Hi her thread skilled a blender of colors Bad Weaver: Silly foolish unskilled unobservant Physician knows the herbs conducts examination professional trustworthy mutates Women spent 30 to 40 hours a week into preparing basic foods Political Leaders/ Elites: Herman Cortes the Spanish captain who first entered the city reported the â€Å"the stone masonry and the woodwork are equally good; they could not be better anywhere. † Vernal Ditz del Castillo admired the Aztec city so much rods could hardly explain Toppling- Tolled leader and apparently a priest dedicated to the god Quadruplicate who later became confused with the god himself in the legends Toppling a religious reformer who was involved in a struggle for priestly or political power with another faction. When he lost him and his followers went into exile they promised to come back on the same date on the cyclical calendar Anesthetically was a leading Aztec king of the 15th century.State Structure: Political units claimed authority on the basis of their military power and their injections to Tolled cultures Aztec distrusted by everyone however they were seen as good use due to their fighting skills. This made them attractive as mercenaries or allies. Mowers death or death while taking prisoners for the sacrificial knife, was the end to a nobles life and ensured eternity in the highest heaven a reward also promised to women who died in childbirth Subjects were forced to pay tribute, surrender lands, and sometimes do military service for the growing Aztec empire Mexican had become a stratified society under the authority of a supreme ruler Greatly expanded into an enormous cult in which the military class played a central role as suppliers Of war captives to be used as sacrificial victims.Aztec state was dominated by a king who represented civil power and served as a repres entative of the gods on earth Human sacrifice and conquest was united with the political power of the ruler and the nobility Banners, cloaks, and other insignia marked off the military ranks Military was organized by ranks based on experience and success in taking captives Military virtues where linked to the cult of sacrifice and infused the whole society Nobility broke free from their old calculi and wend private lands Long distant merchants formed a sort of calculi with patron gods, privileges and internal divisions; served as spies or agents of Aztec military The state controlled the use and distribution of many commodities and redistributed the vast amounts of tribute received from subordinate peoples Tribute levels were assigned on whether the subject people accepted Aztec rule or fought against it Tribute payments where things such as food , slaves, and sacrificial victims, served political and economic ends 1 20,000 mantles of cotton cloth alone were collected as rebut each year and sent to Authentication Aztec divided into seven Calculi, or clans, a form of organization that they later expanded and adapted to their imperial position. -Included neighbors, allies, and dependents Wars/Revolutions: â€Å"flower wars† could be staged in which both sides could obtain captives for sacrifice Diplomacy: Treaties: Courts, Law: Feeding the great population of Authentication and the Aztec confederation in general depended on traditional forms of agriculture. Lands conquered peoples often were appropriated, and food sometimes was demanded as tribute. Nationalism:Human sacrifice, long a part of Micronesian religion, greatly expanded into an enormous cult in which the military class played a central role as suppliers of war captives to be used as sacrificial victims. Interaction- Geography: Lakes contained cities Rise of lakes made it impossible to continue an irrigated system Disease: Patterns of Settlement: Migration: Migrated to the shores of Lake Texaco C hemic migrants came from the northwest and various groups of sedentary farmers Aztec domination expanded from the Etruscan frontier about a hundred miles north Of present day Mexico city Technology: Canoes which allowed transportation Many bridges at intervals Wood work They built artificial floating islands about 17 feet long and 1 00 to 330 feet wide Millard- a machine that grinded helped female have more spare time helped trade Demography: 1. Million to 25 million people 20 million people excluding the Maya areas Aztec were a group of about a 10,000 people Culture- Religions: Micronesian Belief Systems: Aztec where tough warriors and fanatical followers of their gods Human sacrifice Aztec would settle when they saw an eagle perched on a cactus with a repent in its beak Mexican people who served gods Micronesian religion believed in human sacrifice Gods of rain, fire, water, corn, the sky, and the Sun 128 deities Each deity had a male and female form Believed gods might have diffe rent manifestations similar to avatars of the Hindu deities Certain gods were thought to be the patrons of specific cities, ethnic groups, or occupations Festivals and ceremonies that involved feasting and dancing along with penance and sacrifice God of Fertility called Tallow God of the Rain Coach Gods and Goddesses of water, maize, and fertility Creator deities – gods and goddesses who created the universe Hydrochloric was the old sun god and saw him as a warrior in the day and in order to live he needed the human blood Human hearts and blood sustained the gods Believed the world had been destroyed four times before and we would be destroyed again Food was offered as tribute Philosophies and ideologies: fatalism in Aztec thought and a premonition that eventually the sacrifices would be insufficient and the gods would again bring catastrophe.

Quality Education Is The Single Most Important Factors...

Quality education is known to be one the single most important factors to developed and developing countries alike. It is well known that countries with lower overall education standards aren’t as prosperous or as safe as countries that are on the other end of the spectrum. Implementing educational entities such as schools alone will not show whether or not a country is doing a good job at education it’s people. Something is needed to set standards for these educational entities, and one idea that has become increasingly popular in schools across the globe has been the implementation of the standardized exam; an across-the-board exam created to show what is known in certain subjects. Early on in United States history, education was something that only a select few were entitled too, but as times changed and technology progressed, education became quite important in order for the nation to become successful. Many different schools and educational institutions began sprin ging up all across the United States, but one issue with this was that all of what was being taught was going unchecked, so it was determined that there was a need for a universal test to see what students in a certain institution, or even nation-wide were actually learning, thus the standardized test was created in the United States. The earliest records of institutionalized examinations date back to the Sui dynasty (581-618 CE) although the system was fully developed during the Qing dynasty. The ChineseShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : A Important For A Public Health Issue Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmortality rates and improved quality of life for Type 1 diabetics. Though they would never be cured, the disease was not fatal as it once was. However, while Type 1 diabetes was the pre-dominant form of diabetes some 200 years ago, it is type 2 diabetes that currently dominates our health landscape. Type 2 diabetes, characterized by the body’s resistance or inability to utilize in sulin has presented a significant challenge to physicians and public health officials alike. Polonsky writes â€Å"IronicallyRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay1771 Words   |  8 Pagesthat give birth annually, 72 percent are unmarried and 75 percent are giving birth for the first time. More than 175,000 of these new moms are age 17 years or younger. The teen pregnancy rate in the United States is higher than most other industrialized countries and is ten times as high as the rate of Japan and the Netherlands. Although the pregnancy rate for teenagers has been reduced in the past twenty years, the number of teenagers has increased and therefore so has the number of teenRead MoreEducation Industry in Malaysia2724 Words   |  11 Pagesdemand for talents all over the world. Education is one of the most important issues faced by many countries around the world. Malaysia’s government has noticed that improving education industry is necessary in order to strong the country. This report is going to discuss the impact of the macro and micro environmental factors on education industry in Malaysia. Background In the past, there were two initial proposals for developing the national education system: the Barnes Report and the Fenn-WuRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Developing Countries3436 Words   |  14 PagesDiwas Puri Professor Richard Glass CIS-203 HN Date: 15th December, 2014 The Impact of Information Technology in the Developing Countries Information technology is the use of different systems to store, transfer and retrieve data for meaningful purposes. It has come a long way since the first mechanical computers were developed by Charles Babbage in 1822. Today, there are roughly 25 billion devices connected to the internet compared to merely 500 million in 2003, which means that we have indeed comeRead MoreTaking a Look at Humanitys Downfall2460 Words   |  10 PagesThe Asian population makes the most annual salary on average, however during the recessions their income drops the most dramatically. The white population obtain the next highest salary, and are above the average. DOWNFALL 3 Hispanic and black households make considerably less than the average population according to the same chart (DeNavas-Walt, Smith, Proctor, 2012). In the same matter, many aspects should be considered when first describing a country in poverty. Poverty can be causedRead MoreFactors That Impact Pay Inequity2331 Words   |  10 Pages Assessment of the Factors that Impact Pay Inequity in America Name Institution â€Æ' Assessment of the Factors that Impact Pay Inequity in America The widening inequality in income has progressively grown to become a defining challenge in the contemporary society. Now more than ever, the gap that exists between the rich and the poor is at its all-time high in decades, particularly in the developed economies. Emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs) have more mixed inequality trendsRead MoreInfrastructure and Rural Development in Malaysia3561 Words   |  15 Pagesincidence of poverty in both rural and urban. In the process, the rural areas have been developed with infrastructures, utility, social amenities, health and school facilities and etc to support the economic development of the country as well as increasing the quality of life of her populace. The productivity and incomes of the rural people, or more specifically the agriculture sector, the mainstay of the rural economy, have steadily increased. Rural development continues to be one of the mainRead MorePersonality Assessment Instruments Comparison2681 Words   |  11 Pagescomprehensiveness, applicability, and cultural utility. Evidence of reliability, validity, along with strengths and weaknesses of each instrument are also presented. Despite the controversy surrounding these measures, they continue to be among the most popular psychological assessment tools today. Personality Assessment Instruments Comparison Personality assessment instruments continue to be widely uses by the public and widely examined by the public. Since the early 20th century a number ofRead More Description of the at-risk student Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pagesare certain factors that predict a student’s likelihood of becoming at-risk for failure. Benard says that, â€Å"Social science research has defined poverty, a social problem, as the factor most likely to put a person at-risk for ... school failure†(1997). Since there were 12.1 million children living in poverty in the United States in 2002, according to the census, the at-risk rates for students is just as high. Poverty is not the only risk factor, however. Children raised by a single parent are twiceRead MoreThe And Middle Income Countries Universal Health Coverage2705 Words   |  11 PagesIn low- and middle-income countries universal health coverage is achievable. Discuss. Universal health coverage (UHC) has become a global health priority for both rich and poor countries alike, and many key medical and health institutions such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank have voiced their commitment in the movement toward attaining this goal. WHO Director General Margaret Chan has stated that UHC is â€Å"the single most powerful concept that public health has to offer†

Entelodon (Killer Pig) - Facts and Figures

Name: Entelodon (Greek for perfect teeth); pronounced en-TELL-oh-don; also known as the Killer Pig Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Middle Oligocene (37-27 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 1,000 pounds Diet: Omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head with prominent snout; warts on cheeks About Entelodon (Killer Pig) Plucked from prehistoric obscurity thanks to cameos on nature documentaries like Walking with Beasts and Prehistoric Predators, Entelodon has been immortalized as the Killer Pig, even though (like modern pigs) this megafauna mammal ate plants as well as meat. Entelodon was about the size of a cow, and it had a noticeably (and hugely) pig-like face, with wart-like, bone-supported wattles on its cheeks and an extended snout studded with dangerous-looking teeth. Like many mammals of the Eocene epoch--only 30 million or so years after the dinosaurs went extinct--Entelodon also had an unusually small brain for its size, and was probably not the brightest omnivore of its Eurasian habitat. Somewhat confusingly, Enteledon has lent its name to an entire family of megafauna mammals, the entelodonts, which also includes the slightly smaller Daeodon of North America. Entelodonts, in their turn, were preyed on by creodonts, a family of thickly built, vaguely wolf-like mammals (which have left no close living descendants) typified by Hyaenodon and Sarkastodon. To show how difficult it can be to classify Eocene mammals, its now believed that Entelodon may have been more closely related to modern hippopotamuses, or even whales, than to modern pigs!

What Does Life Mean - 1127 Words

What does life mean to us? Each day we wake up, do our daily routine, sleep, and then repeat. What if one day we are shown that our world, and the life that we have been living, is not real. What meaning would our lives have then? Would we say that we lived a good life? Or would we say that we have not yet lived at all? On the other hand, what if we are presented with option of living a simulated life? We could have the option of being and doing whoever and whatever we want. And once we are in the simulation we will not even remember that our lives are not real until we come out of it. Would you accept that offer? Two authors have vastly different opinions and ideas about how the world would respond to these questions. Jeremy Bentham, a philosopher from the 1740 s, believes that we would want in on this proposal. He presumes that we, as humans only care about our experiences and how they make us feel. On the other hand, Robert Nozick, a different philosopher from the 1930 s, believes that we want to actually do things, not just have the experiences and feelings of doing them. The experience machine theory above is something he thought up in order to prove his point. According to Bentham s views he would plug into this machine and expect that others would as well. Nozick is completely against the Bentham s idea. In fact, Nozick s experience machine essay is legitimate critique of Bentham s views. Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereignShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Life? What Does It Mean?769 Words   |  4 PagesCharlie: What is life? What does it mean to live? Olivia: What does it mean to die? Is death when you stop breathing? Charlie: So if I hold my breath, am I dead? And if I start breathing again am I reborn into another life? 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Hamlet Thesis Free Essays

Hamlet Thesis Statement In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare writes of a tragedy in which Hamlet and Laertes both face the same problem-a murdered father. The paths of revenge that each of them take, parallel their characters and personalities throughout the play. While Hamlet broods over the murder of his father for the majority of the play, Laertes takes immediate action, and upon hearing about the death of his father, he rushes in and is ready to kill Claudius-whom he suspects has killed his father. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they first hear the news of their father’s death, Hamlet and Laertes react in very different ways. When Hamlet hears that Claudius was the one who killed his father, his immediate reaction was grief. This is no surprise, due to the fact that he was still mourning the death of his father, although everyone else had already gotten over it. In fact, most people thought that he was overdoing it ,and Claudius went so far as to tell him that he should get over it, and â€Å"Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature that we with wisest sorrow think on him together with remembrance of ourselves† (act one, scene two). The way that Hamlet plans his revenge, is more intelligent than the way Laertes plans his. While Hamlet is a more intellectual person, as we can see from his quick wit and sarcasm, Laertes is more impulsive and â€Å"acts, then thinks† as we can see when he says â€Å"I am justly killed with mine own treachery† (act five, scene two). In such a situation, had the play not ended the way it did, Hamlet may have been more successful in avenging his father’s murder because of his responsibility and intellect. Despite the fact that Hamlet procrastinates, Hamlet was smarter in the way he planned his revenge because his procrastination was due to his grief and foresight. Although Laertes trait of acting quickly can be admired and gets the job done, in a situation that involves death and vengeance, strategy and discretion are a must. From the beginning of the play, we can see that Hamlet is an intellectual thinker. Although he believes the ghost and pronounces that â€Å"it is an honest ghost† (act one, scene five) , he still takes precautions after he promises the ghost that he will take revenge. However, Hamlet is still a little wary of the ghost and therefor decides to feign madness so that he would be able to find out if Claudius was the true killer of his father. Even while feigning madness Hamlet thinks about the whole process of the madness. Unlike Laertes, Hamlet is careful not to disclose what the ghost has told him and only imparts to Horatio and Marcellus what happened when they swear on his sword that they would never speak of what they saw from that point on. One of the reasons why Hamlet is such a procrastinator is because he becomes caught up in the details and potential consequences. In the soliloquy of â€Å"to be or not to be† (act three, scene two) Hamlet loses the will to live and ponders whether it is worth it to exist. Due to the fact that Hamlet suffered the death of his father at a young age as well as well as many other hardships, Hamlet contemplates whether â€Å"Tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against the sea of troubles and by opposing, end them? To die: to sleep; no more;† (act three, scene two). However, after that, Hamlet mentions the potential consequences of the unknown after death. Due to the death of his father and his mother’s hasty remarriage which Hamlet does not approve of, Hamlet is well aware of the consequences of his actions and therefore is hesitant to act rashly. When planning his revenge, Hamlet does not jump to conclusions. When the players come, Hamlet asks them to perform â€Å"The Mousetrap†-a play of a murder similar to that of Hamlet’s father’s. Hamlet hopes that â€Å"The plays the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king† (act two, scene two). Indeed, the plan worked and when Claudius stormed out of the theatre, all of Hamlets suspicions were confirmed. As Hamlet so eloquently noted, â€Å"What, frightened with false fire? †, (act three, scene two) Hamlet was now positive that Claudius was at fault for murdering his father. Another thing that slows Hamlet down in his plan of revenge is that he is a religious catholic, and he is very concerned about mortality. Hamlet is scared that if he kills Claudius, his father’s murderer, his soul will be damned. Hamlet is also scared that if he kills Claudius while he is praying, Claudius will go to heaven and that would not please Hamlet because he said that â€Å"A villain kills my father, and, for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven† (act three, scene three). Contrary to Hamlet, Laertes followed the passion in his heart. As soon as he returned from France and heard the news, he invaded the palace, and then asked the questions- the complete opposite of Hamlet. When Laertes hears that Hamlet killed his father, he expresses intense anger and openly announces his plan to take revenge. In his rage, Laertes yells that â€Å"Let what comes come, only I’ll be revenged most thoroughly for my father† (act four, scene five) and makes up his mind to take revenge no matter how or where. When Hamlet heard that his father had been murdered by Claudius, he had already been grieving his father’s death for a while and although the pain was still fresh, his father’s death was old news to him. Therefore, Hamlet was still able to think rationally and plan his revenge in a more intelligent manner. However, when Laertes heard about his father’s murder, he was so grief stricken that he could not think rationally and just followed what his heart told him- to kill Hamlet. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has no problem â€Å"to cut his throat i’ th’ church! †(Act four, scene seven). To Laertes, mortality doesn’t mean alot, as he so bluntly puts it- â€Å"Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. † (Act four, scene five) Due to his impulsive nature, Laertes tends to be unstable at times. However, Claudius, who suspects Hamlets unusual behavior, joins forces with Laertes to devise a plan to kill Hamlet. This proves a weakness of Laertes’- being unable to carry out his plans singlehandedly. Together, they scheme to kill Hamlet and even come up with a backup plan in case the first one does not go as planned. In the end, his plan of using a poisoned sword backfires when Hamlet ends up using the poisoned sword on him. When weighing in the pros and cons of each of their personalities and flaws, Hamlet took the smarter route in avenging his father’s murder. Although both Hamlet and Laertes die at the end of the play, the reason Hamlet kills himself is because he had nothing to live for. Ophelia, the love of his life was dead, his father was dead and Claudius had died. Since he had nothing to live for, he chose the option of death. On the other hand, Laertes had no choice in the matter because his plan backfired on him and killed him, as we see at the end. Hamlets patience paid off because he, Hamlet achieved his goal, and Laertes, the son of a fishmonger, did not. 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Educational Research Essay Example For Students

Educational Research Essay Single-Subject Critique Establishing Discriminative Control of Responding Using Functional and Alternative Reinforcers During Functional Communication Training Wayne W. Fisher, David E. Kuhn, and Rachel H. Thompson Appropriateness of research question or purpose: The purpose of this research was interesting and of value as it focused on problems that often occur when Functional Communication Training (FCT) is in use. This study sought to find effective solutions as desired . . .responses may be weakened and destructive behaviors may reemerge . . . when reinforcements of communication are delayed or denied due to impossibility or inconvenience of the caregiver or instructors ability to provide said reinforcement in a timely manner. . . .procedures are needed to increase the effectiveness of FCT in situations in which it is impractical or impossible to deliver a given reinforcer. Research design and design rationale: This study was broken up into 4 phases (the fourth phase . . .was completed with only 1 participant in only one condition because of time limitations on the participants hospital admission.) Phase 1: Functional Analyses and Descriptive Assessments. Alternating treatment with no baseline design. During this analysis, a test condition . . .and a control condition were compared using a multi-element design. Phase 2: Communication and Discrimination Training. Phase 3: Treatment Evaluation of FCT with Discriminative Stimuli. Between series, alternating treatment (ABAB) design was used to compare FCT + EXT vs. ACT + EXT in two conditions for one participant (Amy) and in one condition for one participant (Ned). Phase 4: Independent Effects of FCT and EXT. Between series, alternating treatment and a final treatment design was used to compare FCT/ACT (w/o EXT) vs. EXT alone with the final series being strictly FCT/ACT (w/o EXT). The order of presentation for Amys discrimination training were . . . stimulus-present and stimulus-absent periods that were alternated every 30 s for the duration of the 10-min session. For Ned, . . .one SD at a time was presented for 1 min. The order of the first three SD presentations in a given session was randomized, without replacement; thereafter, the order remained constant. Phase 1 was conducted to test the hypotheses generated by the results of. . .descriptive assessments. . . to determine whether . . .destructive behavior was multiply maintained by both attention and access to tangible items, but under specific stimulus conditions for Amy. . . and whether destructive behavior was maintained by . . .attention for Ned, therefore this specific phase of the test did not require a baseline. Once these results were established, and training had incurred, the rationale for design for Phases 3 and 4 were to show contrast between the various interventions. Overall study limitations: I think this study covered its bases well and the only limitation I can rightly see is one that is prone to single-subject research, that is, the use of only two participants. It would have strengthened this study further too if the researchers had been able to complete the final Phase 4 on both of the participants. .